Pupil

Concert Music Is one of the most Important art expressions, lots of feelings and values can be expressed, and of course lots of stories can be told too. I like many music styles, from classical music to rock and even folk music. One of my favorite musicians is Sting, he is a great singer, bass/doubles player, a great song writer and an actor too. His style is a mixture of many styles, such as pop, Jazz, blues, soul, reggae and much more. One of my favorite songs Is â€Å"Shape of my heart†, Sting Is a brilliant and clever clausal, a great song writer and one hell of a performer.I love the mood, emotion and passion of Sting's music, and there are so many songs you can really connect to. With incredible musicianship, Sting combines rock, jazz and blues like nobody else, and his distinctive, powerful voice never disappoints. My favorite album is the Nothing Like the Sun Sting was born on October 2, 1951 in Newcastle-upon-Tone, a large industrial city in Northumberland. His real n ame Is Gordon Mathematics Samara. HIS mother had a miscalculation. She taught her son to the wonderful world of music by teaching IM to play the pianoforte his childhood.An American drummer Stewart Copeland noticed him,and persuaded him to do rock. He got the nickname â€Å"Sting† because he loved to wear black sweaters in a gold stripe, which made him look like a bumblebee. In 1981, Sting left the group,and in 1985 he released his first solo album â€Å"The Dreamed The Blue Turtles†. The most popular songs 0 Russians 0 Roseanne C] Englishman In New-York CLC All For Love 0 When We Dance 0 Brand New Day CLC I'll Be Missing You Shape Of My Heart Favorite My favorite song Is â€Å"Englishman In New York†.Sting wrote this song about himself, about his life in the USA. Some lines from it don't drink coffee I take tea, my dear,l like my toast done on the sideband you can hear it in my accent when I talk an Englishman in New York Today, I listen to a lot of folk songs with my child who Is three years old. My son Is very fond of folk songs, especially Sultan Kodiak and Bell Bartok songs and choral works. When I was 7 years old, I went to the Sultan Kodiak elementary school, so I know a lot of folk songs. My son's favorite Hey Varying ©If you have time, I often listen to the radio, I like almost all genres. I like any kind of music and I have already been to deferent concerts with my friends The members of hooligans known each other since childhood and had even played together. In 1996, the band was founded Hooligans, The band consists of four members There are plenty of awards and recognition received in recent years. In the future, I will want to go to a concert hooligans. My husband and my child loves this band. We listen this music in the car when we travel somewhere.

Ariel Levys Essay

There is no doubt about it that sex sells. In today’s world it is impossible to turn on the television without seeing a sexual-based commercial playing. Raunch culture is known as a sexualized lifestyle. Many businesses, advertisements, movies, and people partake in this lifestyle choice every day. Ariel Levy’s is a staff writer at The New Yorker magazine and author of the book Female Chauvinist Pigs she has appeared in big name magazines such as Vogue and the New York Times. Ariel Levy’s standpoint in â€Å"Female Chauvinist Pigs† is that raunch culture empowers women. I have mixed feelings about this article. I disagree that raunch culture empowers women however I agree there is just a certain way you have to do it. In reading Levy’s article she discusses raunch culture and how women feel empowered by it. Women feel like being sexy or sexually stimulating men makes them feel more in control. Levy gives a different outlook on the women that partake in this lifestyle. Levy feels that women are close-minded when discussing sexual things. Levy gives an inside look on certain women that partake in this industry by showing that its way more than just â€Å"sex†. Ruanch culture makes women look worthless and gives off the impression that they don’t have any self-respect. We are looked at as just a â€Å"sexual object† rather than a respected woman. Ruach culture suppresses us as women and we are getting nowhere as women with these kind of vulgar activity’s. Women today are still being looked at as weaker than men. I have googled multiple porn stars of today such as Pinky, Jenna Jameson, and many others; they all seem to have one thing in common. These women don’t have husbands, children, and they don’t get along with their family. I know from a personal experience with having brothers that they would never take a stripper or a porn-star home to my mother. It might be cool to sleep with them but at the  end of the day a man wants a woman that is respectable and classy, basically someone they can actually take home there to mom. My mother always says â€Å"if you don’t have respect for yourself, how are you going to have respect for others†. Ruanch culture also objectifies women instead of empowering them. I did some research and found a biography on Jenna Jameson, a world known porn-star, on YouTube. She talked about her life, family, community service that she has done. Although she spoke on all those positive things people’s comments were still derogatory, calling her a â€Å"hoe† and a â€Å"slut†. Even though she has done many things in the community she is still looked upon as nothing more than a porn-star. This is what I meant by saying that ruanch does not empower women. This woman can give thousands to charity’s do numerous community activities help people all around the world but her erotic lifestyle will never get her the respect she deserves. If anyone has ever watched the HBO show called â€Å"Sex in The City† raunchy culture is the whole makeup of the show. Basically the show is about four ladies that are the best of friends they go to parties and they speak about their sexual experiences love interests and careers. The main character Carrey Bradshaw is a sex column writer for the New York Times. She gives women advice on how to deal with sex and relationships. This to me walks a fine line with raunchiness. In the show people are so glad that she writes these columns, she helps out regular women with awkward situations such as sex. This is a different form of raunchiness and I actually accept it. Carrey helps women get through difficult times with the different men in their life. A lot of times women don’t know what to do in certain situations and feel embarrassed about asking someone for advice that is where she comes in to help with her column. She is not showing her breast or objectifying her, she is only just giving advice on the topic of sex still raunchy but in the way that she is writing, it comes off respectable. As women we should come together and stop objectifying ourselves. I feel that porn should be banded on the fact that as women it’s getting us nowhere. People are only looking at us as these sexual objects rather than  smart sophisticated human beings that we actually are. Porn is a disgrace for all women. It makes us look bad as women, like as if there is nothing more to us than a nice butt and a perky set of boobs. Levy’s argument that raunch empowers women is only good up to a certain extent. If you have to put yourself out there to get attention our show your body then that is not empowerment.There are many other ways that woman can empower themselves such as fighting for positive/worthy causes, mentoring to young ladies, and volunteering services for young woman. If woman today focus on more of these positive aspects of empowerment then there will be no need to take off your clothes to fill liberated. These kind of empowering activities will give us the respect we deserve as woman. Outline i. There’s no doubt about it that sex sells a. Sex doesn’t empower women b. It is occurring every day in today’s society commercials, movies, people etc. c. It is affecting young women d. We have to start respecting ourselves more as women so we can get to get on the same level as a man ii. Author Ariel levy believes that raunch culture empowers women a. Levy feels that raunch is a form of empowerment for some women b. I agree and disagree that raunch empowers women iii. Levy feels that as women we are closed-minded about talking about sex we should open our minds to different things and how ruanch empowers women and makes them feel in control or dominate over a man. iv. I believe that raunchiness suppresses women a. Levy feels that raunch empowers women b. She talks about strippers and â€Å"how they could teach you a thing or two† quoted by Levy pg.267 c. I believe that levy is wrong it doesn’t help us as women to achieve equality with men they look at us as sexual objects rather than human beings. Summary In ‘Female Chauvinist Pigs† author Ariel levy speaks on how raunchiness empowers women and makes them feel more in control. She gives an inside look on the woman who partake in this lifestyle. I believe it doesn’t empower women but actually suppresses us as women. Men look at us as only â€Å"sexual objects† rather than sophisticated human beings. As women I feel we should have a lot more respect for ourselves. I believe there are only a few exceptions to raunchiness for example journalism or advice columns or a sex doctor other than that it is simply wrong. As a woman I feel we need to get rid of porn, it’s getting us nowhere as women. We are not on the same playing field as man and I believe that porn is preventing it from happening. If we could come together as women and start respecting ourselves more I feel a lot can change in the future. K.A.N Knowledge 1. My audience knows about sex and the role it plays in everyday life 2. Raunchiness is suppressing women because we are not equal to man 3. The reason its suppressing women is because we will never be able to be equal to a man if this doesn’t stop Attitude 1. This is a serious essay so serious would be the attitude I’m going for 2. I want them to take this essay seriously because it’s a serious matter Needs 1. The reader to understand the seriousness of the topic 2. For women to have more self-respect 3. Abolish porn to help women get on the same playing field as men 4. To come together to make this all happen

Contradictions of human Essay

‘Novelists and short-story writers have a less or more sympathetic interest in the contradictions of human behaviour.’ In what ways, and by what means, are such contradictions presented in works you have read? Contradictions of human behaviour are a part of human nature. Authors perceive this phenomena and choose to develop the contradictions in their characters, by showing the differences in how a character interacts with different people. The contradictions serve to illustrate of how a character does not play a role that he or she is expected to play. In the two novels â€Å"July’s People† by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"Madame Bovary† by Gustave Flaubert the contradictions are evident in for example July’s contrasting attitudes, Maureen’s transformation and Emma’s contradictory actions. A character’s persona is created by the way that he or she responds to another character. July is introduced in the beginning of the novel as being one of the many black servants that have waited on their white superiors. They have just arrived at July’s village which changes the circumstances and Bam and Maureen do not know how they should act. He is their servant and has been for the past fifteen years, yet he has changed roles to their host who is quite unwilling to let go of his newfound power. For example, July takes the keys of the bakkie and without asking takes it around to get supplies from stores but he also learns how to drive it. It would not mind Maureen and Bam so much if July had asked them, recognizing their possession over the bakkie. Because the bakkie is one of their only possessions at the village, they feel it is important to reinforce that it is theirs. At one point Bam feels it necessary to ask July â€Å"Is it yours July?† to make sure he understands that the real owners of the bakkie is actually him and Maureen. Moreover, prior to their refuge in July’s village, the Smales has only known the obedient side of July. However, the way that he bosses around his mother and his wife shows the authoritative side. The life in the village has been that the men are gone to the towns to earn money for them, thus while the men are gone leading a matriarchal family structure. When the men are home, however, they tend to nag about the decisions the man has made, but still accepts them. For instance, July’s mother keeps on insisting that the â€Å"white people will bring trouble† while July firmly states that this will not be the case and that they will be staying with them. It is not only July that acts differently towards the others. Towards her husband Emma Bovary appears to be a loving housewife, though outside her marriage she is adulterous. She tries desperately to be of the former, though she gets bored of Charles who is not the man that she has conjured up taking into consideration the romance novels that she has read in her childhood. Therefore she goes and tries to find someone who will fulfil her needs. However she is fully aware of the fact that the relationship with Rodolphe and Leon are not what she has dreamed of either. Though she is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve enough to give up everything for Rodolphe, seeing as she wants to elope with him. Even during the affair with Rodolphe, Emma seems to Charles as the most loving wife he could have. Though it is not until the relationship with Rodolphe failed and having received a letter from her father, that she beings to repent and tries in desperation to turn to God and become a faithful wife not only on th e outside but also in her inner feelings. The two female protagonists have some masculine features. Maureen, not so much at the beginning of the novel, but as it progresses her masculinity becomes more apparent in her efforts to find a place for herself in the village. She is also deprived of the comforts that she is used to in Johannesburg, even things for basic sanitation which disgusts Bam who no longer see her as attractive as he had seen her back home, even comparing her neck to his father’s. Moreover, without the routine of their married life, they find it difficult to continue their relationship as man and wife. When Maureen follows the black women to the fields one day, she is told soon after not to work by July, saying that the work the black women do are not fit for a white woman. This differentiates Maureen from the other women in the village, making her feel uncomfortable. Though it is clear that she does not have the same status as a man, as July does not treat her with as much respect as he would have done at home, as he yells at her in his own language, like he would do to one of his own women. Therefore she is confused by how she should act towards July and when she enters his women-free hut she must convince herself that she is different because â€Å"their relationship had been a working relationship.† Emma, on the other hand, is dominant in nature. Dominance being a masculine feature. She has admitted defeat over that she is a woman and therefore will not be acceptable to follow her dreams but she bosses around Charles in a way that she may be seen to be living off his life. For instance she persuades him to operate on Hippolyte’s leg. If it wouldn’t have been for her, he would not have attempted such a thing and Hippolyte may have kept his leg. Another example of her dominance in the marriage is when they are at the ball, Emma tells Charles not to dance as he will make a fool out of himself with his clumsiness. However, Emma has less claim to be at the ball as she is only a peasant’s daughter while Charles is at least middle class. Furthermore she dreams of belonging to the upper class, even though she knows that she will never fit into the picture as she is after all married to Charles. In conclusion, the authors develop the contradictions and incorporate them when developing a character. It is evident that people will have different reactions and emotions concerning various people which may contradict some of their actions or role in society. July shows a different side to himself confusing Maureen. Through this and other factors, she develops herself into a more masculine figure who becomes more independent of her family, symbolized by her crossing of the river at the end of the novel, while Emma is shown to be stuck in her situation and the only way out is concluded to be death.

Family exposure to a toxin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family exposure to a toxin - Essay Example Consequently, they had to be given medications differently. The daughter was the first to show the signs of toxicity by vomiting. She also started complaining about headache, rashes on her skin and trouble in breathing. The daughter was the first to show the signs because of her age. Studies show that children and elderly are more susceptible to toxins compared to other people (Kacew & Lee, 2013). The situation is attributed to their consumption of many calories and poor eating habits compared to adults. The factors increase their exposure to chemicals. In addition, they are more vulnerable to toxins because of their lower immunity systems. Apart from age and nutrition, the daughter was more vulnerable because of her gender. Studies show that women absorb chemicals differently. In case a man and a woman take the same amount to toxin, a woman is more likely to have higher concentration of toxins in their blood. Enzymes that metabolize toxins in females are less active. As a result, a larger amount of ingested toxins enter the blood system (Na tional Institute of Health, 2013). The second person to start showing the symptoms was Christine. She showed the same signs as her daughter. However, unlike her daughter, she fainted. She started showing the signs after her daughter because of her age. It is noteworthy that a person of her age has a stronger immunity system compared to children (Kacew & Lee, 2013). She was more vulnerable than her husband because of their gender differences. As explained earlier, females are more susceptible to toxins that males. In addition, the toxin was stronger on her because of her health condition. Her immune system is weaker compared to her husband because she is diabetic (National Institute of Health, 2013). It explains why she fainted. The symptoms could have been worse if she had a poor nutritional habit like her daughter. She avoids eating fast foods and she is a

Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company - Essay Example For comparison purposes, it will also tackle the marketing performance of Motel 6. Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company is popular due to its upscale, luxury brand of hotels and resorts with locations in major cities in the United States and other internationally famous destinations such as Montego Bay, Jamaica, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Bali, Hong Kong and Qatar. The hotel company owns 59 hotels in 20 countries 37 of which are hotels while 22 are resorts. The operation of the hotel company began in 1983 with the purchase of the Ritz-Carlton, Boston by William B. Johnson. However, the legacy of the hotel is attributed to the celebrated "king of hoteliers and hotelier to kings," Csar Ritz. The company states that "his philosophy of service and innovations redefined the luxury hotel experience in Europe through his management of The Ritz in Paris and The Carlton in London." The company's quest of providing quality accommodation and service named it one of the best hotels in the world as it consistently reaped awards from prestigious organizations like Forbes, Travel Weekly, Luxu ry Institute, and Consumer Reports. In 2006, it was awarded the Mobil Five-Star Award and AAA Five Diamond Award. On the other hand, Motel 6 is a large budget motel chain the United States and Canada. It was founded in Santa Barbara, California in 1962. The company got its name from the original room rate which was $6 a night. The brand's commitment of offering value at low prices enabled it to expand rapidly. Currently, the motel chain is in more than 840 locations with approximately 870, 000 rooms in the United States and Canada. The company also boasts of being the largest owned and operated hotel chain in America, thanks to Accor the largest hotel operator. MARKET SEGMENTATION Market segmentation is defined as the "division of market into homogenous group of consumers (Market Segmentation 1)." Market segmentation is a very essential tool in devising an effective marketing strategy for a firm. Market segmentation allows every company to develop marketing strategies for each segment to maximize product profitability. This tool enables the company to gain competitive market positioning as well as deliver maximum customer value. Ritz-Carlton's market segmentation can be seen on its different product offerings. The company irrefutably utilized geographic, psychographic, as well as behavioral factors in designing their product line. In terms of geographic it can be noticed that Ritz-Carlton offers accommodation in four key strategic locations-tourist spots, business districts, metropolitan, and countryside. The company offers luxurious accommodations in scenic tourists' destinations like Bali, Milan, and Barcelona as well as in the business districts of New York, Tokyo, and Dubai International Financial Center. Metropolitan like areas like Seoul and Kula Lumpur as well as the countryside of Florida and Montego Bay are conquered by the pleasure offered by Ritz Carlton. In terms of psychographic and behavioral factors, Ritz-Carlton segments its market by looking at the general and specific interests of its customers. The hotel company divides its target company according to the purpose of their use of facility. Three

Identity Theft Computer Forensics to the Rescue Research Paper - 2

Identity Theft Computer Forensics to the Rescue - Research Paper Example Then, social, ethical and moral issues regarding identity theft have been discussed. The report is summarized in a concluding paragraph. APA referencing has been used properly. Identity theft is the crime that involves stealing of a person’s private information â€Å"in order to impersonate that person in a legal sense†, according to Vacca (137). When a person’s identity is stolen, he is at great risk of facing a terrifying number of monetary and individual dealings done in his name by the thief. Technology, along with its pros, has introduced exceedingly technical and chic means of acquiring someone’s basic identifying information. Whatever means the thief uses, identity theft brings great damage to the victim’s name and reputation as the victim is solely left responsible for whatever financial or personal loss he faces. One often has to reveal bits of his personal information while doing online transactions, such as his name, address, telephone number, bank information, credit card information, and etcetera. The thief, after stealing this information, can misuse it by, for instance, applying for loans in the victimâ€⠄¢s name, changing his billing address, obtaining driving license, applying for jobs, applying for insurance or new banking accounts, getting authorization for electronic transfers by using the victim’s electronic signature, or any other fraud. On the internet, identity theft is being accomplished using techniques like sending Trojan horses, which are destructive programs, into the computer system, and important passwords and useful information like social security number is transferred to the thief. Another way to steal an identity is email phishing. The victim is sent emails telling the victim that they are from so-and-so enterprise and scamming him by directing him to a fake website which asks for his personal information.

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed Essay

What is 'News' Examine critically and discuss how it is constructed and produced - Essay Example There is furthermore a tendency for news organs to try to vary their content - an excellent example is in the UK where the TV news bulletins, even on days which are dominated by â€Å"bad news† stories, will usually end with a piece of light relief - so much so that popular mythology has it that a certain news-caster was fired when his over-mirthful reaction to one such item was accidentally aired. Newspapers also follow this format - in most countries the â€Å"serious† news being placed at the beginning of a publication, with less serious issues such as TV listings, sports and letters being placed later in the publication. However, the advent of 24 hour TV news stations such as CNN, BBC World and Euronews, along with the massive expansion of the internet, has made significant changes to the ways that media construct their reports. A vast amount of effort is now put into gathering news, and once consequence of this is that news media are no longer able to manage the flow of news as comprehensively as in the past, nor to restrict access to what information the public will become privy to. Throughout history individuals, organizations and governments have sought to control public access to information. In this they have been sometimes aided and sometimes obstructed by the organs of the media which deliver that information. In particular newspapers in many countries have, until recently, tended to follow the guidance, or even censorship, which governments have imposed on them. However, more recently this has become a less followed path for news media. This greater independence appears to spring form several disparate sources. Firstly - the burgeoning of the internet has provided a new and largely unregulated source of news material. Items that mainstream news media might have previously not reported are now in the public domain. To fail to report these would leave the traditional media open to allegations of news manipulation, scorn and

Human Resource, HSBC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource, HSBC - Assignment Example HSBC stands for ‘Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation,’ and the history of HSBC banks in UK can be traced back to â€Å"17th century† (HSBC- Its History in Wales 2013: 1). The first HSBC bank started its operation in Wales, and at the initial stage they had an association with North Wales bank. They called it a period of opportunities, as much progress took place during this period, such as construction of roads and canals etc. Eventually further changes have been made in the functions and structure of the banking style. HSBC banks have a good relation with peole all over the world, and especially British people. Principles of Human Resources and HSBC Bank: In all its endeavors, it is the objective of HSBC North America Holdings Inc. and all of its subsidiaries (jointly referred to here as the "Corporation") to act fairly and honestly at all times. It is the strategy of the Corporation to comply with the spirit in addition to the letter of all applicable rule sand regulations in all that it does. Violations of this strategy and malfunctions to report known violations will subject the worker to disciplinary procedures, which may comprise termination of employment. Additionally, workers who should have, through the exercise of reasonable diligence, discovered breach of this strategy, but who fail to do so, may be subject to discipline, consisting of termination of employment. Each worker of the Corporation is expected to do the same. In dealing with workers, suppliers and customers, the Corporation makes decisions without regard to religion, origin, race, color, veteran's status, national origin, nationality, sexual orientation, marital status, sex, gender identity, age or disability that can be reasonably accommodated. â€Å"All employees are responsible for ensuring that the working environment is free of any form of harassment, discrimination or inappropriate behavior† (HSBC Finance- Statement of Business Principles and Code of E thics 2013: 1). HSBC Bank and their Financial Stability: The European Financial Stability Facility was incorporated in Luxembourg under the Luxembourg law in the year 2010, on June 7th. Its aim is to protect financial constancy of Europe’s Financial and Fiscal Union by offering temporary monetary help to Euro area affiliate (member) states in complexity. With the intention of reaching its aim, the European Financial Stability Facility can, under the protection of the German Debt organization agency, issue bonds or other liability apparatus on the marketplace to lift the funds desired to offer loans to states that would put forward a request. Questions are backed by assurances specified by Euro region affiliate States of up to â‚ ¬ 440 billion. â€Å"For, HSBC, significant decisions regarding capital allocation and external capital rising are undertaken at a holding company level† (Flint 2011: 2) European Financial Stability Facility is a component of wider security net. Bank competition and monetary constancy have been a rising issue in the United Kingdom among continuing concerns on the subject of extreme marketplace share in key goods as well as authorities' wish to stop a repeat of bail-outs of the bank at the taxpayer's expenditure. The banking society remains dedicated to sustaining the twin intent of guaranteeing fiscal constancy and supporting financial recovery, and is dedicated to

Gendering the Mythic World Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gendering the Mythic World - Term Paper Example They also include false beliefs that certain societies use in order to give justifications to certain social institutions. Additionally they could be some sort of invented stories or ideas and concepts since they are about imaginary things or fictitious events and persons. Gendering on the other hand can be understood as socially defining certain sets of norms that are behavior related within certain cultures and are considered appropriate to a given sex. They include attitudes, personality traits, and actions related to particular sex in a society. Therefore gender differs in behavior and personality in accordance to the societal and cultural factors. Gendering myths is therefore deciding the gender roles of the characters depicted in the mythical tales based on the society and culture that the myth seeks to explain. This paper therefore seeks to discuss how: the mythic world has defined roles for men and women based on how the given societies and cultures deemed appropriate. The mythic world has defined roles for men and women based on how the given societies and cultures deemed appropriate. (Ferranti, 17 -21) outlines: in the ancient Greek women are depicted by many of the mythical stories as having strong feminine power which were mysterious and un-understood by men. Women gave life to people in this ancient age when the mystery of birth was just beyond man’s conception. The process of fertility, conception and birth were barely understood by the society. Consequently, males are depicted to so anxious about this mysterious feminine power to give life. Thus women were meant to raise and guard children. The roles that women played in the mythic stories are depicted as ladies of marriage and guardians of children, they thus were expected to give birth, raise and guard children. Similarly the myth of ancient Egyptian goddess, Isis talks of the same role that women played in giving life from what was in existent as will be

The Original of Arab Theater Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Original of Arab Theater - Research Paper Example Quran as the basic holy book of Islam seems to provide no exact and solid proofs of prohibition of theatre because Quran as any serious scripture requires thorough and dedicated interpretation that is why prohibition of theatre cannot be directly found in the text, and it can only be achieved as interpretation of the texts. All in all, the opposition between Islamic dogma and theatre existed for a long time and prevented flourishing of this type of visual art on the territory of Arab countries. However, Islam culture has shaped the traditions that were very similar to the theatrical representation of other countries, European in particular. It is also quite interesting that despite prohibition of theater separate works of prominent Greek authors were translated in the beginning of the 8th century. However, despite the fact that many scholars deny existing of the theatre in Arab countries in its traditional understanding (a play on a stage with real actors a), some argue that separate forms of Islamic culture can be considered pre-theatrical phenomena. According to Botintshiva, there is a number of performances that were popular in Arab countries from Middle Ages: Al-Hakawati (Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ­Ã™Æ'ÙˆØ §Ã˜ ªÃ™Å  ), is the type of art that presupposes oral retelling of stories in public places, such as city markets or coffe shops that was popular in many Arab cities such as Cairo, Bagdad, Damascus, Marrakesh .There were also variations of story-tellers some of which preferred accompanying themselves with musical instruments such as lyres. Religious ceremonies that were conducted every year among Shi’ite Muslims aimed to commemorate the death of the nephew of Prophet Mohammed. The rituals reminded mourning which is common for the ritual of funerals and were accompanied by sympathy expression, crying, and singing. In the course of the ritual the story telling about al-Husain`s arrival to Iraq and his unexpected

Composing Exercise Program Essay Example for Free

Composing Exercise Program Essay This is a composing exercise program. This will only work on the computer. The way this program works is very simple. All the poems from Shijing have already been stored within the application itself, and users can choose and open any poems that they want among the list. Since the Shijing has over hundreds of poems, they have been classified according to categories to facilitate the search. The categories can be further narrowed down so suit the user’s needs. The poems can be chosen according to the music that the users have in mind. Once the poem has been chosen, then the program allows you to interpose music on the poem. When you are ready to compose, simply click the â€Å"start compose† button, and you will see blank music paper on the screen. Decide where you want to put your note and simply click on the music paper, then the note will appear on the screen. If you right click on one specific note, you can choose its length or measure. After you are done composing, you can store your composed music into the program. You can re-do your work on the same poem without deleting the previous files and also you can continue working on the same music if you closed the programs before you were finished. Basically saving files in the program works just same as saving any other file in your. This program also contains a built in audio processing system so that you can listen to the music while you are composing it, making changes whenever necessary. The point of this program is to give users the chance to experience different genres of poems (lyrics). Shijing is the perfect collection because of the wide variety of poems used. The challenge is the choice of music to use on the poems. Because every poem has a different emotion, the creativity of the user is given the chance to come out and develop. Every single poem evokes different insights and emotions, thus affecting the music as well. Sometimes poems will be very personal and sometimes poems will be very political. The poems are already written and the challenge is to make it come alive with music. Target: Anyone who is interested in music and wants to give composing a try. Feasibility: There are many composing programs out in the market but none with poems or lyrics pre-stored. Moreover, most of them are targeted for expert musicians. This application will help beginners and experts alike focus on the creation of music because the lyrics have already been pre-set. Relevance: I believe that this project has some relevance to Confucian studies because it allows users to look at the Shijing poems in a different light and have unique and new perspectives about it. This provides a deeper appreciation for the poems and may inspire people to study them more.

Differential Gram’s staining Essay Example for Free

Differential Gram’s staining Essay To Gram stain the given bacterial suspension and to differentiate between gram positive and gram negative organism. Visualization of microorganisms in the living state is very difficult, not just because they are minute, but because they are transparent and almost colorless when suspended in an aqueous medium. To study their properties and divide microorganisms into specific groups for diagnostic purposes, biological stains and staining procedures, in conjunction with light microscopy, have become major tools in microbiology. Chemically, a stain may be defined as an organic compound containing a benzene ring plus a chromophore and an auxochrome. Stains are of 2 types: 1. Acidic stains e.g., picric acid 2. Basic stains e.g., methylene blue. Types of staining techniques: 1. Simple staining. (Use of a single stain)This type of staining is used for visualization of morphological shape (cocci, bacilli, and spirilli) and arrangement (chains, clusters, pairs, and tetrads). 2. Differential staining. (Use of 2 contrasting stains)It is divided into two groups: (a) Separation into groups, Gram stain and acid-fast stain. (b) Visualization of structures, Flagella stain, capsule stain, spore stain, nuclear stain. The Gram Stain The Gram stain is the most widely used staining procedure in bacteriology. It is called a differential stain since it differentiates between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria that stain purple with the Gram-staining procedure are termed Gram-positive; those that stain pink are said to be Gram-negative. The terms positive and negative have nothing to do with electrical charge, but simply designate 2 distinct morphological groups of bacteria. Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria stain differently because of fundamental differences in the structure of their cell walls. The bacterial cell wall serves to give the organism its size and shape, as well as to prevent osmotic lysis. The material in the bacterial cell wall that confers rigidity is peptidoglycan. In electron micrographs, the Gram-positive cell wall appears as a broad, dense wall 20–80 nm thick and consists of numerous interconnecting layers of peptidoglycan. Chemically, 60% to 90% of the Gram-positive cell wall is peptidoglycan. Interwoven in the cell wall of Grampositive are teichoic acids. Teichoic acids that extend through and beyond the rest of the cell wall are composed of polymers of glycerol, phosphates, and the sugar alcohol ribitol. Some have a lipid attached (lipoteichoic acid). The outer surface of the peptidoglycan is studded with proteins that differ with the strain and species of the bacterium. The Gram-negative cell wall, on the other hand, contains only 2–3 layers of peptidoglycan and is surrounded by an outer membrane composed of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein, and proteins. Only 10%–20% of the Gram-negative cell wall is peptidoglycan. The phospholipids are located mainly in the inner layer of the outer membrane, as are the lipoproteins that connect the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan. The lipopolysaccharides, located in the outer layer of the outer membrane, consist of a lipid portion called lipid A: embedded in the membrane, and a polysaccharide portion extending outward from the bacterial surface. The outer membrane also contains a number of proteins that differ with the strain and species of the bacterium. PRINCIPLE The Gram-staining procedure involves 4 basic steps: 1. The bacteria are first stained with the basic dye crystal violet. Both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria become directly stained and appear purple after this step. 2. The bacteria are then treated with Gram’s iodine solution. This allows the stain to be retained better by forming an insoluble crystal violet-iodine complex. Both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria remain purple after this step. 3. Gram’s decolorizer, a mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone, is then added. This is the differential step. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet-iodine complex, while Gramnegative are decolorized. 4. Finally, the counterstain safranin (also a basic dye) is applied. Since the Gram-positive bacteria are already stained purple, they are not affected by the counterstain. Gram-negative bacteria, which are now colorless, become directly stained by the safranin. Thus, Gram-positive bacteria appear purple and Gr am-negative bacteria appear pink. With the current theory behind Gram-staining, it is thought that in Gram-positive bacteria, the crystal violet and iodine combine to form a larger molecule that precipitates out within the cell. The alcohol/acetone mixture then causes dehydration of the multilayered peptidoglycan, thus decreasing the space between the molecules and causing the cell wall to trap the crystal violetiodine complex within the cell. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, the alcohol/acetone mixture, being a lipid solvent, dissolves the outer membrane of the cell wall and may also damage the cytoplasmic membrane to which the peptidoglycan is attached. The single thin layer of peptidoglycan is unable to retain the crystal violet-iodine complex and the cell is decolorized. It is important to note that Gram-positivity (the ability to retain the purple crystal violet-iodine complex) is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon, but a matter of degree. There are several factors that could result in a Gram-positive organism staining Gram-negatively: 1. The method and techniques used: Overheating during heat fixation, over-decolorization with alcohol, and even too much washing with water between steps may result in Gram-positive bacteria losing the crystal violet-iodine complex. 2. The age of the culture: Cultures more than 24 hours old may lose their ability to retain the crystal violet-iodine complex. 3. The organism itself: Some Gram-positive bacteria are more able to retain the crystal violetiodine complex than others. Therefore, one must use very precise techniques in Gram staining and interpret the results with discretion. Crystal violet (2gm Crystal violet + 20ml 95% ethanol + 0.8gm Ammonium oxalet + 80ml distilled water) Gram’s iodine (1gm iodine + 2gm potassium iodide + 100ml distilled water) Decolorizer (Mix 95% alcohol acetone in equal proportion) Safranin (0.34gm safranin + 10ml absolute alcohol + 90ml distilled water) Clean grease free glass slide Nichrome wire loop Dropper Filter papers Compound microscope Cedar wood oil Miscellaneous PROCEDURE: On a grease free slide prepare smear of bacterial suspension and allow it to air dry. After drying heat fix smear and allow slide to cool. Cover the smear with crystal violet stain and leave for 1 minute Drain stain and wash the slide carefully under running tap water. Flood the smear with Gram’s iodine solution and wait for 1 minute. Wash the slide under running tap water. 6. Decolorize the smear with alcohol-acetone for 20-30 seconds (continue till purple stain just stops coming off the slide). 7. Gently wash the slide under running tap water and drain completely. 8. Counter stain the smear with safranin for 1 minute. 9. Wash the slide with water and air dry (or dry it carefully by using a blotting paper). 10. A drop of cedar wood oil is put over smear and the slide under oil-immersion lens. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Determine the growth curve of Escherichia coli by using colorimeter. The increase in the cell size and cell mass during the development of an organism is termed as growth. It is the unique characteristics of all organisms. The organism must require certain basic parameters for their energy generation and cellular biosynthesis. The growth of the organism is affected by both physical and Nutritional factors. The physical factors include the pH, temperature, Osmotic pressure, Hydrostatic pressure, and Moisture content of the medium in which the organism is growing. The nutritional factors include the amount of Carbon, nitrogen, Sulphur, phosphorous, and other trace elements provided in the growth medium. Bacteria are unicellular (single cell) organisms. When the bacteria reach a certain size, they divide by binary fission, in which the one cell divides into two, two into four and continue the process in a geometric fashion. The bacterium is then known to be in an actively growing phase. To study the bacterial growth population, the viable cells of the bacterium should be inoculated on to the sterile broth and incubated under optimal growth conditions. The bacterium starts utilising the components of the media and it will increase in its size and cellular mass. The dynamics of the bacterial growth can be studied by plotting the cell growth (absorbance) versus the incubation time OR log of cell number versus time. The curve thus obtained is a sigmoid curve and is known as a standard growth curve. The growth curve has four distinct phases 1. Lag phase When a microorganism is introduced into the fresh medium, it takes some time to adjust with the new environment. This phase is termed as Lag phase, in which cellular metabolism is accelerated, cells are increasing in size, but the bacteria are not able to replicate and therefore no increase in cell mass. The length of the lag phase depends directly on the previous growth condition of the organism. When the microorganism growing in a rich medium is inoculated into nutritionally poor medium, the organism will take more time to adapt with the new environment. The organism will start synthesizing the necessary proteins, co-enzymes and vitamins needed for their growth and hence there will be a subsequent increase in the lag phase. Similarly when an organism from a nutritionally poor medium is added to a nutritionally rich medium, the organism can easily adapt to the environment, it can start the cell division without any delay, and therefore will have less lag phase it may be absent. Exponential or Logarithmic (log) phase During this phase, the microorganisms are in a rapidly growing and dividing state. Their metabolic activity increases and the organism begin the DNA replication by binary fission at a constant rate. The growth medium is exploited at the maximal rate, the culture reaches the maximum growth rate and the number of bacteria increases logarithmically (exponentially) and finally the single cell divide into two, which replicate into four, eight, sixteen, thirty two and so on (That is 20, 21, 22, 232n, n is the number of generations) This will result in a balanced growth. The time taken by the bacteria to double in number during a specified time period is known as the generation time. The generation time tends to vary with different organisms. E.coli divides in every 20 minutes; hence its generation time is 20 minutes. 3. Stationary phase As the bacterial population continues to grow, all the nutrients in the growth medium are used up by the microorganism for their rapid multiplication. This results in the accumulation of waste materials, toxic metabolites and inhibitory compounds such as antibiotics in the medium. This shifts the conditions of the medium such as pH and temperature, thereby creating an unfavorable environment for the bacterial growth. The reproduction rate will slow down, the cells undergoing division is equal to the number of cell death, and finally bacterium stops its division completely. The cell number is not increased and thus the growth rate is stabilised. If a cell taken from the stationary phase is introduced into a fresh medium, the cell can easily move on the exponential phase and is able to perform its metabolic activities as usual. 4. Decline or Death phase The depletion of nutrients and the subsequent accumulation of metabolic waste products and other toxic materials in the media will facilitates the bacterium to move on to the Death phase. During this, the bacterium completely loses its ability to reproduce. Individual bacteria begin to die due to the unfavorable conditions and the death is rapid and at uniform rate. The number of dead cells exceeds the number of live cells. Some organisms which can resist this condition can survive in the environment by producing endospores.

Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed)

Properties of Urena lobata Linn (Caesar Weed) PLANT PROFILE Urena lobata Linn. Botanical Name: Urena lobata Linn. Common Name: Caesar weed Parts Used: Leaves, Stem, Root and Whole plant      Fig 1. Urena lobata Linn Taxonomical Classification Kingdom: Plantae Unranked: Angiosperms Unranked: Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Subfamily:Malvoideae Tribe: Hibisceae Genus: Urena Species: U. lobata Synonyms :U. americana U. grandiflora, ,U. trilobataVell., Urena diversifolia Vernacular names Vernacular names are shown in Table Table Vernacular Names of Urena lobata SI. No. Languages Vernacular Names 1 Hindi Bachata, Bachit, Bachita, Bala Bhed, Brachta, Chatkura,Dudh-Khal, Kapasi, Kunjia, Lapetua, Lotloti, Unga, Vilaiti San 2. Malayalam Urppam Ottey Udiram, Uram, Uran, Uren, Vatti, Vatto 3. Kanada Baralu Kaddi Mara, Bekkina Hejje Gida Dodda Bende, Dooda Bende, Hamsapaadi, Kaadu Thutthi, Otte, Otte Mara, Vatta 4. Marathi Rantupkada,Rantupkuda, Tupkato, Vanabendha, Vana-Bhenda, Vanbhendi, Wagdau Bhendi 5. Sanskrit Vanabhenda, Nagabala, Bala, Atibala 6. Tamil Ottatti, Ottattutti, Ottu Thuththi, Ottukututti, Ottuttutti, Ottuttutti 7. Telegu Nalla Benda, Nallabenda, Padanikaada, Pedda Benda, Peddabena, Peddabenda, Piliyamankena, Vana Benda 8. English Aramina Fibre, Congo Jute, Cousin Mahoe, Guaxima General description of Urena lobata  Linn Caesar weed called as Bur Mallow, Aramina, Hibiscus Bur and Pink Chinese Burr. It is a sub shrub 60 cm to 300 cm in altitude and basal diameter is 7 cm. Bark is downy and is hard and gristly, within the bark is green in color and outside it is brown in color the wood is medium in density and pale yellow in color. The herb is sustain through lateral and tap root arrangement. The color of ivory or brown and root system is flexible and hard-hitting roots. The plant is typically have a solitary stem rising from the land however usually generate more than a few stems and main twigs small in the shoot and a lot of twigs the whole time. Dis-colorous, grayish-green, alternating leaves are pubertal on below and above the leaf. Leaves are angulated, oval in shape and lobbed as shallow of 1 to 12 cm. They have margins of indent shape.. The shape of the fruit is globose and of 8mm to 10 mm of capsules shape and it is having mericarps of five smooth barbed. The plant grows throughout moisttropic and subtropical regions (Liogier 1994). Habitat: Urena lobata Linn, is a herbaceous, upright and semi-woody. It is coming under shrub growing, tomentose and 60 100 cm or more tallness. The young stem as well as branches are covered with somewhat harsh spreading stellate hairs (tomentum) and bearing simple, alternate variable broadly ovate to round cordate, angled or lobed leaves and sessile or shortly stalked pinkish auxiliary flowers. Leaves: Leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, petiolate and stipulate;blade-very variable. Usually the leaf is broader than long round or ovate, up to 10-15 cm long, cordate at the base angled or shallowly 5-7 lobed, the lobes not extending half way down or occasionally nearly obsolete generally acute or acuminate, serrate, stellately tomentose on both surface. But, paler beneath with five to seven pairs of basal nerves which are prominent on the under surface and below the basement region there is a large gland and occasionally at the base of two lateral also. Flowers: Pink colored flowers of Axillary shape and are of typically lonely and petals of five in number. The size of about 1 cm in board. Flower of the herb is shown in Fig Fig Flower of Urena lobata Petiole:  Variable in length. Stem:  Moderately thick, pubescent in young ones and smooth in mature ones, with long inter nodes. Root:  The root system consists of the taproot and several branching lateral roots are fairly stout and brown in colour. These may attain a diameter of 5-6 mm and length varying from 20-25 cm. Very small wiry cream color rootlets arise from the lateral roots. Small lenticels are also present towards to base and the outer surface of the root. Major chemical constituents The main constituents of Urena lobataLinn, include flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides such as ÃŽ ²-sitosterol, stigmasterol, furocoumarin, imperatorin, mangiferin and quercetin (Keshab2004).It also contains kaempferol, luteolin, hypolatin and gossypetin. Geographical source Caesar Weed belongs to Asia. Herb breeds all through damp sub-tropic and tropical province counting India, Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Louisiana and in American Samoa. Environmentalism Urena lobata willingly assault anxious region, particularly badly cope scarified-pastures and eroded-areas, and it is a plantation of perennial category. This herb is less difficulty in yearly yield. Herb does not grow in wood-canopies. This plant is not struggle healthy in giant meadow and brush-lands. Cultivation Seed propagation is the method of cultivation of Urena lobata. Before sowing the seeds in the prepared land is has soak it in water for 90 min and it will result a high germination rate of 96%.. the seeds are discrete by adhere to fur and clothing. The small seedlings are planted in the on the well-prepared land.. Soil The plant will grow in a different range if soil. Fertility range also differs and the new plant will get fertilizer from parent-materials. It will not cultivate in saturated oil where all the minerals exhausted. It is having the capacity to with held the salt in the soil. Water it is need for its healthy cultivation Growth and management Urena lobata grow very fast and it will reach height of 0.5 to 2 m in tall in the first year itself. After the first season it will dying-back i.e. its second year of its first of growth we can collect the fiber after 7-8 months from the plant. It will yield a fiber of 1800 kg/hectare. These fibers are recognized from seeds only. 300-500 kg/ha seeds are getting from the plants of 7 -8 months of age. Since the plant of hostile type the planting in wild way is not advisable. Benefits and Detriments This herb grows as colonies in the concerned area. This growing nature of the plant help to guard the soil, whereas provides wrap in support of natural world. The gorgeous flowers which will contribute to the aesthetic area which hare colonized. Aramina is the fiber which will obtain from this herb, which looks like jute fiber. Congo-jute is the fiber manufactured in Africa and Brazil from the same plant (Fagundes, 2003). A variety of extract obtained from the roots and leaves from the plant are benefits as herbal-medicine. These extracts are used for varieties of disease like malaria, wounds, toothache, fever, colic and joint-pain. A report shows the raw leaves of Urena lobata hold the phosphorous of 67 mg/100g, ash of 21gm, 0.1 gm of fat, 3.2 g protein, 12.8 gm of carbohydrates, moisture of 81.8 %, Calcium of 558 mg and fiber of 1.8 gm. Leaves of Caesar weed give a semi-purified glycoside which is 86 % as effectual as the aspirin which is used as anti-inflammatory medicine in rats. In Africa the flowers and leaves are used as a famine food. The animal fur and the burs that are collected on clothing are a nuisance. On the other hand, the plant can become a harsh-weed in plantations and pastures and it is slight browsed by the cattle. Uses The traditional uses of the plant were found to be diuretic, febrifuge. and rheumatism. It sever as food for animals as well as humans (Mazumder et al,  2001). It is used for malaria, gonorrhea, wounds and toothache.

Essay --

Introduction The endomembrane system is the membrane surrounding the organelle within the cytoplasm. Each membrane bound organelle is functionally and structurally compartmentalized within cell. The presence of this system is the fundamental difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Raven, Johnson, 2001). Each of membranes is unique and different in relation to molecular compositions and its structure which continue to keep changing in cell’s life time (Reece et al. 2011). This essay is focus on the comparisons of two endomembrane systems, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane in terms of their structures and functions. Additionally, the consequences to the cell if each of these membranes lost their integrity will be explained. Structure The structure of Golgi apparatus is composed of semi-circular and flattened stacks of membrane-bound disc known as cisternae and these stacks of cisternae divide into three regions, cis face, medial and trans face. Cis-face is near endoplasmic reticulum and it mainly receives (or fuse with) the vesicles containing products from ER and synthesize and process to send them off through trans face which is located near plasma membrane and medial Golgi apparatus is between them. Plasma membrane is also a biological membrane that forms selective barrier between the surrounding environment and cell and it consists of phospholipid bilayer with various proteins either embedded or attached to it (Reece et al. 2011). Lipid composition Though all endomembrane system have simple basic structure which is double layer of phospholipid (hydrophobic side inward and hydrophilic side outward) with proteins, the composition of lipids and types of proteins may differ due to their characteristic functions. (Campbel... ...yers and have various different functions. Although their compositions that consists of two membranes have some differences, the fact that cis sides are more ER-like and those on the trans side are more plasma membrane-like has enable us to speculate couple of theories about the origin of Golgi apparatus. They both are engaged in secretory pathway at different stages and failure of the membrane integrity affects greatly on the traffic of cell which leads to number of diseases. Despite many researches and knowledge discovered in plasma membrane, there were only few things known about Golgi apparatus. This is mainly due to the difficulties of purifying the concentrated organelle from intact cells (Sean Murno, 1998). But it still has great potentials and is prominent in medical field. Therefore more detail examination and investigation in depth are expected in future.

An Investigation to Show the Effect of Temperature on Daphnia :: Papers

An Investigation to Show the Effect of Temperature on Daphnia Plan: I will submerge some daphnia contained in a test tube in water of differing temperatures and measure their subsequent heart rates. Hypothesis I think that the heart rate of the daphnia will increase up until around 40ËÅ ¡C at which point most of the daphnia's enzymes will have denatured and rate of metabolism will have stopped or decreased sufficiently to have stopped the daphnia's heart rate. Apparatus list Test tube Beaker Different temperatures of water Daphnia Pipette Stop clock Microscope Slide Safety Follow usual lab safety rules. There are no major safety considerations in this experiment as the daphnia aren't harmful and water above 40ËÅ ¡C will not be used. Method To determine if temperature does have an effect on the daphnia, I intend to carry out the following experiment. The experiment will involve measuring the cardiac activity of the daphnia at different temperatures, ranging from very cold (approx. 5 degrees Celsius) to quite warm (approx. 40 degrees Celsius). ÂÂ · A selection of similar sized/age Daphnia will be taken. ÂÂ · A variety of different temperatures of water will be set up, these temperatures will be kept constant whilst the daphnia are submersed in them. The temperatures will be set up by using ice to cool tap water down to lower temperatures and boiling water to heat it up. The temperature will be measured to within 0.1ÂÂ °C on a mercury thermometer to ensure accuracy. The temperatures will range from 10ÂÂ °C to approximately 40ÂÂ °C and it will be done at 5ÂÂ °C intervals. ÂÂ · The daphnia will be submersed in the water and left to equilibrate for 3 minutes, after this time one of the Daphnia will be removed and put onto a microscope slide, this will then be quickly put under the microscope. -1- ÂÂ · Under the microscope, the Daphnia will be observed for 20 seconds, this heart rate will be counted and recorded, this can the be

me :: essays research papers

CONTACTING MCAFEE AND NETWORK ASSOCIATES Last updated: February 12, 2003 This file is best viewed in Courier font to properly display special characters for various languages. _______________________________________________ WHAT'S IN THIS FILE - Technical Support - Customer Service - Download Support - AVERT Anti-Virus Emergency Response Team - McAfee Beta Program - On-Site Training - Reporting a Problem - Linguistic Feedback - Network Associates Offices Worldwide _______________________________________________ TECHNICAL SUPPORT Visit the Network Associates Technical Support KnowledgeCenter at: http://knowledge.nai.com The KnowledgeCenter provides: - For all customers, access to product FAQs, Documentation, White Papers, and the Message Board (read-only). - For PrimeSupport customers, access to search the KnowledgeBase, write into the Message Board, and contact technical support staff via e-mail. For information on PrimeSupport options, contact your sales representative or visit the web site: www.mcafeeb2b.com/support/primesupport/default.asp _______________________________________________ CUSTOMER SERVICE The Customer Service Department is available to connect you to technical support or to answer general (non-technical) questions such as: - Version Definition: information about Updates and Upgrades - Customer Queries: help with license entitlement, registration, grant number inquiries, technical support validation, and more - Find a Sales Representative: Corporate, US, and international sales offices Internet Access to Customer Service: E-mail: services_corporate_division@nai.com Web: www.nai.com www.mcafeeb2b.com Toll-Free Telephone Access to Customer Service: +1-888-VIRUS NO (+1-888-847-8766) Canada Latin America United States Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. - 8 p.m., Central Time 00800 12255624 Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Israel Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Switzerland United Kingdom 00800 3122 1287Greece +1800 552171 Ireland 0800 995054 South Africa 020 522 827 Sweden 0800 3192 9147 Turkey Monday - Friday, 09:00 - 18:00, Local Time _______________________________________________ DOWNLOAD SUPPORT To download files, visit the McAfee download site: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/ - For DAT File Updates: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/dats/find.asp ftp://ftp.nai.com/pub/antivirus/datfiles/4.x - For Product Upgrades: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/upgrade/login.asp Valid grant number required. Contact Network Associates Customer Service If you need help navigating or downloading files, call: +1-972-963-8000 _______________________________________________ AVERT (ANTI-VIRUS EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM) To see the latest information about emerging virus threats, submit samples of potentially infected files, and download updated scanning engine files, EXTRA.DAT files, and similar anti-virus software for testing, visit the AVERT web site at: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/avert/default.asp McAfee also seeks and appreciates general feedback. _______________________________________________ MCAFEE BETA PROGRAM To download new beta software or to read about the latest beta information, visit the McAfee beta web site located at: www.mcafeeb2b.com/beta To submit beta feedback on any McAfee product, send e-mail to: avbeta@nai.com McAfee is devoted to providing solutions based on your input. _______________________________________________ ON-SITE TRAINING INFORMATION Contact Network Associates Customer Service or visit the web site at: www.mcafeeb2b.com/services/mcafee-training/default.asp _______________________________________________ REPORTING PROBLEMS If you find any problems with your McAfee product, please take a moment to review the product's README file. It includes detailed information on all Known Issues. If you find any feature that does not appear to function properly on your system, or if you believe an application would benefit greatly from enhancement, please contact Network Associates or one of its resellers with your suggestions or concerns. _______________________________________________ LINGUISTIC FEEDBACK McAfee is devoted to providing solutions based on customer input. If you have any linguistic feedback or comments regarding language in McAfee products, send e-mail to us at: B2BLoc_US@nai.com _______________________________________________ NETWORK ASSOCIATES OFFICES WORLDWIDE Send correspondence to any of the following Network Associates locations. me :: essays research papers CONTACTING MCAFEE AND NETWORK ASSOCIATES Last updated: February 12, 2003 This file is best viewed in Courier font to properly display special characters for various languages. _______________________________________________ WHAT'S IN THIS FILE - Technical Support - Customer Service - Download Support - AVERT Anti-Virus Emergency Response Team - McAfee Beta Program - On-Site Training - Reporting a Problem - Linguistic Feedback - Network Associates Offices Worldwide _______________________________________________ TECHNICAL SUPPORT Visit the Network Associates Technical Support KnowledgeCenter at: http://knowledge.nai.com The KnowledgeCenter provides: - For all customers, access to product FAQs, Documentation, White Papers, and the Message Board (read-only). - For PrimeSupport customers, access to search the KnowledgeBase, write into the Message Board, and contact technical support staff via e-mail. For information on PrimeSupport options, contact your sales representative or visit the web site: www.mcafeeb2b.com/support/primesupport/default.asp _______________________________________________ CUSTOMER SERVICE The Customer Service Department is available to connect you to technical support or to answer general (non-technical) questions such as: - Version Definition: information about Updates and Upgrades - Customer Queries: help with license entitlement, registration, grant number inquiries, technical support validation, and more - Find a Sales Representative: Corporate, US, and international sales offices Internet Access to Customer Service: E-mail: services_corporate_division@nai.com Web: www.nai.com www.mcafeeb2b.com Toll-Free Telephone Access to Customer Service: +1-888-VIRUS NO (+1-888-847-8766) Canada Latin America United States Monday - Friday, 8 a.m. - 8 p.m., Central Time 00800 12255624 Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Israel Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Switzerland United Kingdom 00800 3122 1287Greece +1800 552171 Ireland 0800 995054 South Africa 020 522 827 Sweden 0800 3192 9147 Turkey Monday - Friday, 09:00 - 18:00, Local Time _______________________________________________ DOWNLOAD SUPPORT To download files, visit the McAfee download site: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/ - For DAT File Updates: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/dats/find.asp ftp://ftp.nai.com/pub/antivirus/datfiles/4.x - For Product Upgrades: www.mcafeeb2b.com/naicommon/download/upgrade/login.asp Valid grant number required. 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Compare and contrast mesopotamia and egypt Essay

Both Mesopotamia and Egypt have different universal views, which then affected their culture. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers of Mesopotamia have unpredictable flood patterns. This affected their view of the universe because the inability to prepare for floods leads the Mesopotamians to believe that the world was harsh and unforgiving. In contrast, the predictable, opportune floods of the Egyptian Nile led to a trust in supernatural powers. These polar opposite views also were seen in and affected the religious opinions of the afterlife. Due to the accounts Gilgamesh, a hero in an Egyptian epic, the afterlife is seen in a terrorizing light, whereas Mesopotamians looked forward to it. A huge division in these Middle Eastern civilization’s cultures were the formation of urbanization, and class systems. In Mesopotamia, a structured 3-part class system was developed, along with Hammurabi’s Law Code. The top class included land owning males and artisans, as well as royals and warriors. The middle class contained dependent people attached to land, and at the bottom was slaves employed for domestic work. Also the freedoms and some rights of women were lost around the second millennium. In Egypt, there too were classes, yet they weren’t as enforced and structured. Woman were held at a higher standard here because they weren’t secluded in the process of urbanization and class structure, like they were in Mesopotamia. Economically, both regions participated in trade that was under state control, and their economic growth was related to commerce. Although, Mesopotamia relied solely on imports, while Egypt had an import export system within its region along the Nile. Mesopotamia was very poor in resources. In contrast, Egypt was well endowed with resources, yet practiced isolationism, which made global economic trade through commerce impossible.

Organizational Culture and Cultural Values Essay

One of the most prominent instrumental values of 3M’s culture, and which has contributed to its success is employee risk-taking and encouragement of the same (Mitsch, 1990). 3M’s policy of creating room for employees to experiment and conduct research means that the researchers are more exposed to the risk of failure than they would be were risk-taking not encouraged. However, risk-taking also enhances chances of making improvements on existing products and developing new products. Another instrumental value in 3M is efficiency. Management of new technologies and innovations, assessing, reacting to and anticipating market trends, and assessing customer needs can be very challenging for the management. Research and Development can be costly yet some results are not always positive or available for immediate use. The management of available resources requires efficiency in management. Efficiency is therefore central to 3M’s culture. An important terminal value of 3M’s culture is high quality of output to meet customer expectations. 3M improves the quality of its output by encouraging research and development for long-term and short-term purposes. By encouraging risk-taking, allowing researchers to spend 15 percent of their time researching for new products and technologies, and scaling up R&D budget from 4. 6 percent to 6. 5 percent within a decade, 3M declares its intention to ensure that consumers get a continous supply of high quality products (Mitsch, 1990). A second terminal value is innovation. As noted above, 3M attaches high premium on research and development of new technologies and improvement of existing technologies and products (Mitsch, 1990). Innovation is one of the factors which separate market leaders from mediocre organizations and 3M invests heavily to sharpen its innovative edge. Question 2: Human interactions, property rights and ethics do influence 3M’s cultural values. The involvement of marketing, manufacturing, quality, laboratory, financial and packaging staff in production of new products promotes healthy relationships between staff members working with the different units. This team-work reduces the frequency of inter-departmental rivalry and exchange of blame for mistakes and failures. Healthy interactions among units and sub-units are instrumental to increased productivity and staff motivation. An important property right at 3M is access to and right to use laboratory resources and technologies developed within one’s operating unit, as well as technologies developed by other units. A leading cause of failure in many organizations is unhealthy rivalry among units, which lead to some units keeping technologies and resources to themselves and barring others from accessing them. The management of 3M ensures that workers, regardless of which unit they come from, can access laboratory resources and technologies easily (Mitsch, 1990). Such property rights encourage inter-unit co-operation and cohesion, reduce R&D costs, and promote productivity in the long-term. They also enrich the organization’s cultural values. Reference Mitsch, R. (1990). Case: Three Roads to Innovation. Journal of Business Strategy (Sept/Oct 1990), pp 18-21.

Reason for Returning to School Essay

The reason of why I decided to go back to school and obtain my Bachelor Degree has never been anything out of the ordinary. In today’s society, I see many working adults pursuing their degrees to obtain security and self-fulfillment. While others are looking for the advancement in pay and position in their current or new job. There are even those who need to gain more confidence in their skills to do a good job for their company and they feel that by getting a degree, they can achieve this goal. All of them pertain to me. Especially to today’s current economy, I strongly feel that there is a great advantage to having a degree versus to not having one when it comes to searching for a job. More and more each year, I see new programs for education that are designed for working adults. If there were no real demand for these programs, I believe they would not exist. But that demand is real. There is a larger competitive environment in the work force now then there was a few years ago. With many new and fresh graduates coming out of college, I feel the pressure to increase my credentials to be able to compete. Even though I have built my experience through years of on the job education, I feel that by obtaining a graduate or even undergraduate degree is the only way to secure my position against the growing population of new graduates. I believe that you must continue updating your skills to keep up with this very competitive market. Then, there are those current working adults who are already established in their field, but would like to find a way to increase their potential of getting a raise or promotion. By obtaining a degree, this can show the managers how much value of an employee you are to the company. To have the qualifications and experience can give you a better success rate of getting the raise or promotion that you would ask for. It’s a way of selling yourself and your worth. With a degree, you just are more armed to the task of requesting for an advancement. Once I have obtained my degree, I can then see myself seriously requesting for an advance of my pay and position from my manager. Most importantly is the ability to feel confident in doing your job and to  have that credential to show people. There were many projects that I have been involved in that required myself to learn new skills. One example was learning how to program in Visual Basic 6 to create an interface GUI for one of our robot systems. Another accomplishment that I achieved was generating a database for system files used by our integration department. In almost each project, there were other managers involved besides my own manager. And each one had their doubts in my ability to succeed in the project. I have yet to fail, but each time a new project is started, these doubts from these managers come along with them. Even though I have five-years of experience in my field, I can see that it is harder to prove your ability in your skills with out a four-year degree. It is also much harder to have the confidence in yourself when there are others that lack that confidence in you. That is why I can se e by obtaining a degree can benefit me in many ways besides security and advancement in pay and position. There are times that I try to imagine how different it would be one I have earned my degree. And each time all I can imagine are anything but positive results. Sure, there are concerns and sacrifices that I would need to make down the road. Sacrifice like time. Time with my family and time for myself. But what is a couple of years of sacrifice compared to a lifetime of advancement? I once read an article about a successful businessman and how he achieved his goals by following one philosophy he recited to himself everyday. He believed the reward in terms of happiness is directly proportional to the sacrifice that each one makes. Great philosophy. And I try to live it everyday.

Course Notes on Principles of Management

The Global Environment In the past, managers have viewed the global sector as closed. Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others. Firms did not consider global competition, exports. Today’s environment is very different. Managers need to view it as an open market. Organizations buy and sell around the world. Managers need to learn to compete globally. Tariff Barriers A tariff is a barriers to trade. Tariffs are taxes levied upon imports. These seek to protect jobs in the home country. Other countries usually retaliate.Free trade: in a free trade agreement, each country seeks to specialize in things they make most efficiently. If India is more efficient in making textiles, and the USA in making computer software, then each country should focus on these. Distance & Culture Barriers The second leading cause of trade barriers. Distance closed the markets as far as some managers were concerned. Communications could be difficult. Languages and cultures were differ ent. During the last 50 years, communications and transportation technology has dramatically improved.Jet aircraft, fiber optics, satellites have provided fast, secure communications and transportation. These have also reduced cultural differences. Effects on Managers Declining barriers have opened great opportunities for managers. Managers can not only sell goods and services but also buy resources and components globally. Managers now face a more dynamic and exciting job due to global competition. Free Trade NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement. Abolishes most tariffs on goods traded between Mexico, Canada and the U. S. Allows unrestricted cross-border flows of resources.Many U. S. firms have now invested in Mexico. This is a manufacturing opportunity. Wage costs are lower in Mexico. Can serve Mexico with a plant in Mexico and reduce freight. Managers face new opportunities and threats. Global Task Environment Suppliers & Distributors Managers buy products from global suppli ers or make items abroad and supply themselves. Key is to keep quality high and costs low. Global outsourcing: firms buy inputs from throughout the world. GM might build engines in Mexico, transmissions in Korea, and seats in the U. S. Finished goods become global products.Distributors: each country often has a unique system of distribution. Managers must identify all the issues. Customers & Competitors Formerly distinct national markets are merging into a huge global market. True for both consumer and business goods. Creates large opportunities. Still, managers often must customize products to fit the culture. McDonald's sells a local soft drink in Brazil. Global competitors present new threats. Increases competition abroad as well as at home. Forces in the Global General Environment Political-Legal ForcesResults from diverse and changing nature of each countries’ political system. Representative democracies: such as the U. S. , Britain, Canada. Citizens elect leaders who ma ke decisions for electorate. Usually has a number of safeguards such as freedom of expression, a fair court system, regular elections, and limited terms for officials. Well defined legal system and economic freedom. Totalitarian regimes: a single political party or person monopolize power in a country. Typically do not recognize or permit opposition. Most safeguards found in a democracy do not exist.Examples include Iran, Iraq, and China. These are difficult to do business with given the lack of economic freedom. Further, human rights issues also cause managers to avoid dealing with these countries. Economic Systems Free market economy: production of goods and services is in private ownership. Production is dictated by supply and demand. Command economy: decisions on what to produce, how much, done by the government. Most command economies are moving away from the command economy. Mixed economy: certain economic sectors controlled by private business, others are government controlle d.Many mixed countries are moving toward a free enterprise system. Recent Trends Current shift away from totalitarian dictators toward democratic regimes. Very dramatic example seen in the collapse of the former Soviet Republic. Also very pronounced in Latin America and Africa. With this shift, has come a strong movement toward free market systems. This provides great opportunities to business managers on a global level. Many businesses are investing millions in former totalitarian countries to seize these opportunities. Changing Political and Economic Forces Sociocultural ForcesNational culture: includes the values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, and other practices that unite a country. Values: abstract ideas about what a society believes to be good, desirable and beautiful. Provides attitudes for democracy, truth, appropriate roles for men, and women. Usually not static but very slow to change. Norms: social rules prescribing behavior in a given situation. Folkways: routine social co nventions including dress codes and manners. Mores: Norms that are central to functioning of society. much more significant that folkways. More examples include theft, adultery, and are often enacted into law.Norms vary from country to country. Hofstede’s Model of National Culture Individualism v. Collectivism Individualism: world view that values individual freedom and self-expression. Usually has a strong belief in personal rights and need to be judged by achievements. Collectivism: world view that values the group over the individual. Widespread in Communism. Prevalent in Japan as well. Managers must understand how their workers relate to this issue. Power Distance A society’s acceptance of differences in the well being of citizens due to differences in heritage, and physical and intellectual capabilities.In high power distance societies, the gap between rich and poor gets very wide. In low power distance societies, any gap between rich and poor is reduced by taxati on and welfare programs. Most western cultures (U. S. , Germany, United Kingdom) have relatively low power distance and high individualism. Many economically poor countries such as Panama, Malaysia have high power distance and low individualism. Achievement vs Nurture Achievement oriented societies value assertiveness, performance, success. The society is results-oriented. Nurturing-oriented value quality of life, personal relationships, service.The U. S. and Japan are achievement-oriented while Sweden, Denmark are more nurturing-oriented. Uncertainty Avoidance Societies and people differ on their willingness to take on risk. Low uncertainty avoidance (U. S. , Hong Kong), value diversity, and tolerate differences. Tolerate a wide range of opinions and beliefs. High uncertainty avoidance (Japan and France) are more rigid and do not tolerate people acting differently. High conformity to norms is expected. Long Term Outlook Long-term outlook is based on values of saving, and persistenc e.Taiwan and Hong Kong are cultures that are long -term in outlook. Short-term outlook seeks the maintenance of personal stability or happiness right now. France and the U. S. are examples of this approach. International Expansion Importing and Exporting: the least complex method of expansion. Exporting: firm makes products and sells abroad. Importing: firm sells products made abroad. Licensing: firm allows foreign organization to make and distribute goods for a fee. Helps the home firm since it does not have to set up a complete production and distribution network.Franchising: company sells a foreign organization the rights to use brand name and know-how in return for payment and profit percentage. International Options Strategic Alliances: managers pool resources with a foreign firm and both organizations share the rewards and risks. Allows firm to maintain control which is a problem with exporting, licensing, and franchising. Wholly-owned foreign subsidiary: firm invests in produ ction operations in a foreign country. Many Japanese auto firms have done this in the U. S. This is very expensive but can yield high returns. International Expansion

How to Lead a Healthy Lifestyle?

How to lead a healthy lifestyle? Leading a healthy lifestyle is very important duty to our ownself. How to lead a healthy lifestyle? Firstly, you can exercise regularly to maintain a good health. For example, you can join a gym or find some sport that you like. Next, you can work, jog, and cycle to the destination which near your house. Another example is you can do the stretching exercise when we free. Secondly, you should taking comprehensive and balanced of nutrition to maintain a good health.For example, you can control the total calories, the total heat control at 30kcal/kg. Next, you should reduce the intake of animal fats and sweets, to increase the food of soy products, vegetables, fruits and other foods which rich in potassium and magnesium, and generally ensure that the daily intake of 500g vegetables. Another example, you should eat foods which rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fish food is rich in W-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has the role of lipid-lowering, visc osity, and anti-platelet aggregation.Finally, you should develop healthy habits to maintain a good health. For example, you should pay attention to personal hygiene such as wash hands frequently, do not spit, do not dumping trash and other. Next, we should refrain from smoking because smoke is detrimental to human health. Another example, you can drink tea, it is because the tea is recognized worldwide as health drink, and tea polyphones have antioxidant, lipid lowering anti-cancer and other effect.

Ethnomusicology - Soviet Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnomusicology - Soviet Music - Essay Example During the recent war Soviet music took on a special and dramatic significance for us and we were all stirred by certain works especially the songs of the Red Army, and Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony, written during the siege of Leningrad which revealed how closely Soviet musicians were bound up with the life and struggles of their people. When the war broke out, composers, instrumentalists and performers of all kinds immediately took to making music for the war. And the Soviet government, realizing how powerful voice music was in rallying the people, never forgot even in the darkest hours to protect its musicians, and enable them to continue their work. All through the war, although half the nation was devastated, millions homeless and starving and the national finances sorely strained, the government continued to appropriate large sums every year to commission the writing of new symphonies, operas and concertos, and to ensure the performance of classic and modern music even though the orchestras and opera companies had to go to Central Asia to do it. 1 There is something awe-inspiring about a nation whose people are suffering untold misery and destruction, that yet continues to give badly needed funds so that artists may be protected and continue their work. And incidentally, the government refused to permit any composers to enter the armed forces feeling they were too precious to be exposed to danger although many volunteered for the Red Army. During the war we began to learn a little of how the Soviet composer lives and works. Life magazine carried pictures of Shostakovich, Gliere, Khatchaturian and other composers on the Composers Farm where they go each summer to raise pigs and write symphonies. We heard that Soviet composers live in a specially constructed house in Moscow, that they have written tremendous amounts of music for the war and other things. 2 Soviet music is organized under a sub-section of the All-Union Committee of Art, which is almost like a department of the government in our country. Each year the Music Section of this Committee of Art receives a certain sum of money from the national Treasury, which it allots among its various departments: orchestras, opera houses, music publication, composers, and so forth. The composers work through what they call the Union of Soviet Composers which is not a trade union in our sense, but a sort of combination of professional guild, commissioning body, an agency to secure performances and publications, a copying bureau, and a fraternal mutual aid society, all rolled into one. The Union consists of some 900 professional composers, both serious and popular composers. To become a member, you write a letter to Gliere, who is president of the Union, stating your qualifications and enclosing a few sample scores. If there is any doubt as to a young musician's eligibility, he is invited to appear in person before a committee on admissions and perform his own works. The Committee then decides; and if you don't get in one time, you can always apply again. The Union is not without standards, and the mere fact that your work is popular and widely performed does not automatically qualify you for admission. Peter Zburski wrote a song which became a tremendous hit during the war, called "The Blue Handkerchief." It was sung from one end of the country to the other. But he was not admitted to the Union of Composers. When a recognized composer wishes to write a work, he submits a project to the Union committee in charge of such things, with an estimate of the length of time it will take. Usually the plan is accepted without much discussion and the composer goes ahead to write his work. Sometimes, however, a composer gets too one-sided for a time, and then the Union committee will suggest that he develop another side of his talent for a time. If a man has been writing too many chamber or theatrical works, they may suggest that he write a symphony.

Applying concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applying concepts - Essay Example To address this question, managerial economic concepts and socio-political tools need to be taken into consideration. From the video Can the U.S. Maximize the Benefits of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment? It is evident that Chinese companies operation in United States has proved to be economically beneficial to the locals and the national economic performance at large. The firms like offer employment opportunities to the United States citizens and this has helped reduce unemployment rate with significant boost in overall national income level (Moran,2013). Comparative wage rate between China and United States indicates significant gap with the later having higher rate and more skilled personnel. It is therefore economically feasible to the United States allow Chinese firms operate locally and offer minimum wage rate. This reflects outsourcing of jobs that has seen states like South Carolina boast higher employment level. It is also important to note that United States do not experience exploitation as most of the Chinese firms outsource other factor input from other countries with value creation a ctivity as the central activity in United States. The socio-political framework of the United States is strongly hinged on American way of doing things including workplace practices and that has placed them at vantage point. Take the case of Haier which was compelled to hire an American executive manager in an effort to effect America-style human resource practices. This means that united States have substantial participation in the Chinese foreign direct investment entities hence increased gain to the local economy. United States firms have a competitive edge against other multinationals of foreign origin and for China to penetrate and establish its production plants, there is increased level of productivity and revival of dead industries. The case study of Top-Eastern Group which specializes in making drill bits gives a picture of gains made so far by

The Technology of Netflix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Technology of Netflix - Research Paper Example There are not many companies properly involved in the online renting of movies. Moreover, Netflix plays by keeping its cost low as it tries to attract customers to frequently use its services instead of getting movies from stores or going to cinemas. Analysts believe that Netflix is now facing a tough competition in the face of other companies such as Amazon and Apple, which have also started to provide online movie services at an affordable rate. Furthermore, the cost differentiation strategy used by Netflix has been pretty successful is retaining â€Å"frequent watchers† who use the service frequently. Alongside, the company’s differentiation strategy has allowed it to get accessed by customers who avoid going to stores and want to watch movies from the comfort of their homes. Porter’s Five Forces model was discovered in 1979 by Mr. Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School. This model is used to give five factors that can be used to determine the stage of rivalry within a business. This would subsequently be used to determine the attractiveness of a market. Market attractiveness can be understood in terms of the overall profit levels achieved by an industry. To start off, Porter’s Five Forces model consists of the following five forces, namely threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, the threat of substitutes and competitive rivalry in an industry. The application of each of these factors to Netflix will now be done to show how this business model works. The easier it is for new corporations to come into in the same business line as Netflix, the tougher would the competitive environment be. For any competitor to start up an online movie rental company, it would require enormous sums of money. Considering the amount of investments that would need to be made in setting contracts

The History and Practices of Voodoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The History and Practices of Voodoo - Essay Example In the documentary, Witchcraft & Magic, Patrick Macnee suggests that â€Å"voodoo is generally perceived as tribal black magic practiced in primitive cultures.† Ross Heaven, the first white priest of Vodou in Europe, explains that â€Å"Vodou is a spiritual tradition of Africa and Haiti† (Heaven 7). Brandi Kelley, the Director of the Voodoo Museum in New Orleans, states that â€Å"voodoo is a compromise between African voudon and Catholicism† (Macnee). While all of these statements are applicable, the history of voodoo and its evolution is somewhat nebulous. In the book for middle school students, The Real Monsters, Sudipta Bardhan-Quallen discusses perception and reality, â€Å"sometimes movies and books portray voodoo as a dark and evil religion that is dominated by black magic and pin-struck voodoo dolls. In reality, these things are not a part of traditional voodoo practices† (45). Bardhan-Quallen relates the observations of photographer Lynne Warberg, who has documented Haitian voodoo for years. â€Å"Participation in voodoo ritual reaffirms one’s relationships with ancestors, personal history, community relationships—and the cosmos. Voodoo is a way of life† (qtd. in Bardhan-Quallen, and Cochran 45). Slavery played a defining role in the history of voodoo. ... Linking their deities [†¦] to Catholic saints, slaves could pretend to pray to St. Barbara, for example, while really delivering their wishes to the vo-du thunder god, Songo† (Davis 8) Open to suggestion and seeking answers within the social constructs that confined them, slaves developed a new religion in which â€Å"transplanted voudon borrowed freely from native Indian cultures, European witchcraft, and other non-voudon African slave religions, for example the Kongo-based palo mayombe. And it co-opted precisely as much Catholicism as locally necessary to prevent the African content from being crushed by the Europeans† (Davis 8). In the words of Rod Davis, a reporter who researched and studied Voodoo for his book, American Voudou: Journey into a Hidden World, â€Å"Voudou took as many guises as necessary to survive, [†¦] hoodoo, root medicine, spiritual healing, ju-ju, black magic, and dozens of other euphemisms and forms† (75). Davis states that †Å"in different areas, voudou has different rituals and doctrines† (9). One can deduce that differing circumstances in each location, as well as other religions and cultures in the region, influenced the evolution of the religion. According to Davis, â€Å"in Haiti, the religion metamorphosed into vodun or vaudoux; in Cuba, Santeria; in Brazil, candomble; in Trinidad, Shango Baptist; in Mexico, curanderismo; in Jamaica, obeah. In the American South, it became voodoo and, in the most extreme caricature, hoodoo, the petty hexing (pins in dolls, love potions, etc.) which most people, black and white, confuse with the real thing† (Davis 9). In discussing people’s attitudes toward voodoo in early